Cultural Identity vs Constitutional Identity: Where Is India Heading?
India has always lived with a creative tension at its core: Is India primarily a civilization thousands of years old? Or is India primarily a constitutional republic born in 1950? This tension is not new. But in recent years, it has become sharper, more visible, and politically decisive. Civilizational Narrative Rising Today, under the leadership of Narendra Modi, the civilizational narrative has gained unprecedented prominence. To understand what this means — and where it could lead — it helps to look at international examples like Hungary under Viktor Orbán and Turkey under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The Two Visions of Identity 1. Cultural (Civilizational) Identity This view holds that: India is fundamentally an ancient Hindu civilization. The modern state is a political expression of that civilizational continuity. Cultural confidence must be restored after colonial and “pseudo-secular” distortions. It emphasizes: Historical memory Religious and cultural pride Civiliz...